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1 κρυμός
A icy cold, frost, Hdt.4.8, 28, etc.; ἀνὰ κρυμόν in frost, Nic.Th. 681: in pl.,κατὰ τοὺς κρυμούς Str.11.2.8
, cf. D.H.1.37, Onos. 10.5, Polyaen.3.9.34, Ael.NA2.1.II chill, cold fit, S.Fr. 507, Hp.Morb.4.53, Call.Aet.3.1.19 (nisi leg. καυμός), Ruf. ap. Orib. 45.30.21;κ. χολῆς E.Fr. 682
, cf. Dsc.3.53 (pl.). ( κρυμνὸς ἢ κρυμός, Hsch.) -
2 φρίκη
φρῑκ-η, ἡ,A shuddering, shivering, Hp.Aph.5.61; a mild form of ῥῖγος, Id.Morb.1.24, al.: cold fit before fever, Pl.Phdr. 251a (metaph.,Id.R. 387c), Thphr.Ign. 74, Nic.Th. 721;φρ (ε) ίκη καὶ πυρετός IG3.1424.19
(Tab.Defix.), Sor. 1.27: pl., Arist.Pr. 863b21.2 shivering fear, shuddering, esp. from religious awe,φρίκης αὐτὸν ὑπελθούσης Hdt.6.134
;τοίαν φ. παρέχεις μοι S.OT 1306
(anap.);ὀρθόκερως φ. Id.Fr. 875
, cf. X.Cyr.4.2.15: generally, shivering fear of any kind, horror,φρίκᾳ τρομερὰν φρένα E.Ph. 1284
(lyr.);ἐκπληχθεῖσα φρίκᾳ Id.Tr. 183
(lyr.);φρίκᾳ ματρός Id. Ion 898
(lyr.);μεγάλην ἐμποιεῖ φ. Phld.Ir.p.19
W.;ἀγωνία καὶ φ. Plu.Mar.43
;φ. καὶ φόβος Id.Pel.27
;φ. καὶ δέος Jul.
ad Them. 253b;φρίκῃ καὶ σιωπῇ κατεχόμενον τὸ θέατρον Plu.Marc.20
.3 = φρίξ 1,ἀκύματος πορθμὸς ἐν φρίκῃ γελᾷ Trag.Adesp.336
;ἐν γαλήνῃ φρίκης ὑποτρεχούσης Plu.2.921f
;τὴν θάλατταν φ. κατέχει Alciphr.1.10
;ἐπ' ἄκρᾳ τῇ φ. τῆς θαλάττης Ael.NA16.19
.II frost, chill,φ. περὶ τὸν ὄρθρον γέγονε Gell.17.8.7
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3 ψυγμός
ψυγμός, ὁ,A chilliness, dampness, Porph.Abst.1.28, Vett.Val.127.5(pl.).2 cold fit of an ague, or rigor caused by poison, Ruf. ap. Orib. 8.24.17, Dsc.5.11, Gal.11.519, Poll.4.186; cf. ψυχμός.II dryingplace, , 14: ψ. ἁλιέων Pap. in Hermes 40.548; alsoψ. γναφέων PTeb.86.45
,51 (ii B. C.);εἰς ψυγμὸν ἐργάταις PSI 4.332.27
(iii B. C.);τῷ συμψήσαντι τὸν ψυγμόν PPetr.2p.110
(iii B. C.); (i B. C.). -
4 ῥῖγος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `frost, cold, shivering fit' (ε 472).Compounds: Some compp., e.g. ῥιγο-πύρετος m. (- ον n.) `tertian fever, ague' (Gal., Ptol. a.o.) for older (Hp.) πυρετὸς καὶ ῥῖγος (Strömberg Wortstud. 85), ἀ-ρριγής (adv. - γέως) `not sensitive to cold' (Hp.); also ἄ-ρ(ρ)ιγος `id., not shivering (Arist., Aret.) as δύσ-ριγος `to tolerate cold badly' (Hdt., Arist., Thphr.); both connected with ῥιγέω as e.g. δύσ-φορος with φορέω, φέρω. From it as denom. ῥιγώω, - ῶσαι, rarely w. ἐπι-, ἐν- a.o., `to freeze' (ξ 481), after the opposite ἱδρώω (not from *ῥιγωσ- with e.g. Schwyzer 724).Derivatives: ἔρρῑγα perf. `freeze, congeal, shudder', aor. ῥιγῆσαι (ep. Il.), fut. ῥιγήσω (Ε 351), pres. ῥιγέω (Pi.); rarely w. ἀπο-, ἐπι-, κατα-. -- Primary comp. ῥίγιον `colder, ghastlier, terribler' (Hom., Hes., Semon.), sup. ῥίγιστα (Ε 873), - ος, - ον (A. R., Nic.). -- Further adj.: 1. ῥιγεδανός `ghastly, terrible' (Τ 325, A. R., Opp.), after unknown example to ῥιγος or from *ῥιγεδών? (Chantraine Form. 362, Schwyzer 530, Specht Ursprung 199 a. 345); 2. ῥιγαλέος `id.' (Emp.); to ῥῖγος as ἀργαλέος to ἄλγος (Debrunner IF 23, 21, Benveniste Origines 46); 3. ῥιγηλός ( κατα-) `id.' (ξ 226, Hes. Sc., Nic., Nonn. Ap), from ἔριγα, ῥιγέω; 4. ῥιγώδης `causing a shivering fit' (Hp., Gal.), from ῥῖγος; 5. ` Ρῖγμος m. n. of a Thracian (Υ 485); to ῥῖγος as θερμός to θέρος (Risch $ 19f)?Etymology: With ἔρριγα: ῥῖγος agree γέγηθα: γῆθος, λέληθα: Dor. λᾶθος, with ablaut γέγονα: γένος a.o.; as ῥίγιον: ῥῖγος also e.g. ἄλγιον: ἄλγος, κέρδιον: κέρδος (Schwyzer 539). -- With ῥῖγος agrees exactly Lat. frīgus n. `cold, frost, shivering' when we posit IE * sriHgos n. Thus ῥῑγέω = Lat. frīgeō, but they may originate from parallel innovation. Further connection quite uncertain; s. WP. 2, 7 05 f. and W.-Hofmann s. frīgeō w. rich lit.Page in Frisk: 2,654-655Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥῖγος
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5 κρύος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `icy cold, frost' (Hes. Op. 494, A. in lyr., Arist., Jul.).Derivatives: κρυόεις `horrible, lugubrious' (Il., Hes., Pi.), `icy-cold' (A. R., AP, Orph.) with analogical - ο- (cf. also Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28); s. also ὀκρυόεις; κρυώδης `id.' (Plu., Poll.); further perh. κρυερός `horrible, lugubrious' (Hom., Hes., Ar. in lyr.), `icy-cold' (Simon., Ar. in lyr.); cf. below. - Beside κρύος there are as independent formations: 1. κρῡμός m. `icy cold, frost, horror' (Ion., trag., hell.) with κρυμώδης `icy-cold' (Hp., Ph., AP), κρυμαλέος `id.' (S. E.; Debrunner IF 23, 22, Chantraine Formation 254), κρυμ-αίνω `make cold' (Hdn.), - ώσσω `be rigid from cold' (Theognost.). -- 2. κρύσταλλος s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The wordgroup has cognates in diff. languages. On κρύσταλλος, which is Pre-Greek, s.v. The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) Further one connects Toch. B krost, A kuraś etc. `cold' (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 155 f.), but the -o- is difficult. One assumed for crusta the zero grade of an s-stem (so this is now wrong or irrelevant); beside it one proposed a full grade of the suffix in IE. *kruu̯-es- (?), Gr. κρύ-ος and in Latv. kruv-es-is `frozen mud'. Now *kruu̯-es- is not an admitted IE formation. It may have been * kruh₁-es-. [Not, with Frisk, to the word for `blood' Lat. cruōr \< * kreuh₂-ōs, Gr. κρέ(Ϝ)ας \< *kreu̯h₂-s-, s. v.] - With κρῡμός agrees Av. xrū-ma- `horrible'; but this word is analysed as * kruh₂-mo- and connected with the group of `blood' (above). One compared κρύος: κρῦμός with θύος: θῡμός, but the implication is not clear. The often assumed basic forms *κρύσ-ος, *κρυσ-μός are improbable (Frisk; does Chantraine accept this?) - κρυερός reminds of Skt. krūrá-, Av. xrūra- `wounded, raw, bloody, horrible', which points to * kruH-ro- (and Lat. crūdus `raw', if from * crūrus). κρυερός may have been rebuilt after the adj. in - ερός, but it can as well be an independent derivation from κρύος; cf. Bloch Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 23 n. 22. It might continue * kruh₁-er- (reconstructed above). Chantraine rejects the connection with `blood', as it would not fit semantically (but I think it fits very well) or formally. - A verbal * kreus- appears in Germanic, e.g. OWNo. *hrjósa, pret. hraus `shiver' with the zero grade verbal noun OHG hroso, -a `ice, crust'. On OIc. hrjósa see De Vries Wb., who denies that it has to do with cold or ice. - [Kluge22 s.v. Kruste derives it from `verkrustetes Blut', which must be wrong, s. above.].Page in Frisk: 2,28-29Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύος
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6 ῥῖγος
A frost, cold, Od.5.472, Hdt.6.44, etc.;ὑπὸ λιμοῦ καὶ ῥίγους Pl.Euthphr.4d
;λιμῷ καὶ ῥίγει μαχόμενος X.Cyr.6.1.15
: pl.,ῥίγη καὶ θάλπη Id.Oec.7.23
.2 shivering, Pl.Ti. 62b; shivering fit, as in ague, Hp.VM16, Aph.4.29, BGU956.2 (iii A.D.);ῥ. πυρετώδη Hp.Fract.34
.
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